这里只是罗列一下笔者所讲解、遇到并查证的31个【除了…】语义的介词（或连词）词语，至于比如but，except什么情形下后接to do, do, doing；except与except for的差异（何时用于句首、后接介词短语），but, except, except for, besides, in addition to等的使用差异，是另外更为细节的话题。
第一：例外、排除、减去，不包括 19个
bar，barring，beyond，but，but for，except，except for
excepting，with the exception of，excluding，
exclusive of，to the exclusion of
outside，outside of，save，save for，saving
short of，otherwise than（或no (never)…other than）
第二：附加、添加、补充 9个
among others, among other things/places
as well as，besides，in addition to
on top of，over and above，along with，together with，next to
第三：相当于except + besides 3个
apart from，aside from，other than
细化一下。
第一：例外、排除、减去，不包括 19个bar
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第152页bar prep.词条
bar prep. Brit: except for; barring除…以外；不包括
They have lost every month, bar one.
除了一场比赛他们每场比赛都输了。
barring
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第157页barring词条
barring: other than (someone or something): except除…之外
No one, barring the magician himself, knows how the trick is done.
除了魔术师本人之外，没人知道这个戏法是怎么完成的。
beyond
《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》第178页beyond词条
beyond: used in negative sentences to mean ‘except’ （用于否定句）除…以外
I know nothing about him beyond the fact that he used to work for the government.
除了知道他过去为政府工作外，我对他一无所知。
She had no income beyond what she could earn as a waitress.
除了当服务员挣的钱外，她没有其他收入。
but
but与否定词no one, none, nothing, nobody, nowhere连用；
but和不定代词或副词all, every, everybody, everything, anybody, anything, anywhere连用；
but与first, second, next last等连用
but与动词do, does, did或can, could, have, will等词语nothing but连用，用不带to的不定式，而其他动词后则带to的动词不定式。
《剑桥高级英语语法》（第二版中文版）第188页Unit 91表达排除意义
but可以用作except (for)的意思，尤其在no, nobody和nothing等否定词之后：
Immediately after the operation he could see nothing but/except (for)/apart from vague shadows.
There was no way out but/except/apart from upwards, towards the light.
《柯林斯高级英语用法词典》第304页except词条but
在all或以every-或any-开头的词之后，可用but代替except。
The great ship capsized, carrying her Admiral and all but a handful of her crew to the bottom.
载着海军上将和大多数船员的那艘大船沉没到了海底。
It is no longer respectable to marry for anything but love.
为爱情之外的东西而结婚已经不再值得尊敬了。
but for （but for可以引导虚拟语气的“要不是”；也可表示“除了…之外”的陈述语义）
《英语语法大全》（伦道夫•夸克等著）第972页
否定的条件：but for
9.59 but for不是用来表示例外，而是表示“某种否定的条件”：
But for Gordon, we would have lost the match.
(“If it hadn’t been for Gordon., “If Gordon hadn’t played as he did…,”等)
《剑桥高级英语语法》（第二版中文版）第188页Unit 91表达排除意义
but for和except for意思不同，but for用来说明如果but for引导的事情没有发生，某件事可能会发生。
The country would now be self-sufficient in food but for the drought last year.
(= if there hadn’t been the drought…)
But for the leg injury he suffered last year, he would probably have been picked for the national team by now. (= if he hadn’t injured his leg…)
但是，也有人以与but for同样的方式使用except for，特别是在非正式英语口语中：
I’d have got there on time except for the taxi being late.
（或…but for the taxi being late.）
Except for the problems with my computer, I would have got the book finished weeks ago.
（或But for the problems with my computer…）
except（不句首；可后接名词、代词、副词、介词短语、动词原形、动名词、从句）
except表示“把…除外（不包括）”，是指把except后面的人或物要排除在外。
《牛津英语用法指南》（第三版）第278页194 except和except for
except for一般用作名词短语前面
I’ve cleaned the house except for the bathroom.
我已经把房子打扫了一遍，除了浴室意外地。
The garden was empty except for one small bird. 花园里空荡荡的，只有一只小鸟。
except (for) 用在all，any前面
在all, any, every, no, everything, anybody, nowhere, nobody, whole这类概括性的词语后面，常常省略for。
I’ve cleaned all the rooms except (for) the bathroom.
我已经把所有的房间都打扫了一遍，除了浴室以外。
He ate everything on his plate except (for) the beans.
他把盒子里的东西都吃了，除了豆子以外。
Nobody came except (for) John and Mary. 除了约翰和玛丽以外，谁也没有来。
但用在all等词语前面时，for不能省略。
Except for John and Mary, nobody came. 除了约翰和玛丽以外，谁也没有来。
（不能说：Except John and Mary, nobody came.）
介词和连词前面用except，不用except for。
It’s the same everywhere except in Scotland.
哪里都是一个样，除了在英格兰。（不能说：…except for in Scotland.）
He’s good-looking except when he smiles. 他很英俊，可是一笑就走样了。
This room is no use except as a storeroom. 这间屋子除了作仓库外没什么用。
The holiday was nice except that there wasn’t enough snow.
假期过得不错，只是雪下得不够。
except (for)后面用宾格代词，不用主格代词。
Everybody understood except (for) me. 人人都懂，只有我不懂。（不能说：…except I.）
We’re all ready except (for) her. 除了她以外，我们都准备好了。
except for
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第731页except词条
except for 1): not including (someone or something); other than (someone or something)不包括；除…外
I got As on my report card, except for a B in Latin.
除了拉丁语得了B，我的成绩单上都是A。
Except for that one typo, there were no mistakes. 除了那处打字错误，再没有其他错误了。
Everyone was invited except for (= but) me. 除我以外，所有人都受到了邀请。
excepting
《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第617页except词条
excepting除…外
He was the only human male for a couple of miles around (excepting an old stone-deaf handyman). 他是方圆数英里之内唯一的男人（除了一个又老又聋的杂务工之外）。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第731页except词条
except, also excepting不包括，除…外
The stores will be open daily except Sundays.
这些商店除了星期天每天都营业。
Excepting (= with the exception of) one student, no one could answer the questions correctly.
除了一名学生外，没有人能答对这些问题。
with the exception of
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第709页exception词条
with the exception of: except; not including除…之外；不包括…在内
All his novels are set in Italy with the exception of his last.
他的小说除最后一部外全是以意大利为背景。
excluding
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第711页excluding词条
excluding prep. not including不包括；除…外
Lunch costs £10 per person, excluding drinks. 午餐每人10英镑，酒水除外。
exclusive of
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第712页exclusive词条
exclusive of sb/sth: not including sb/sth不包括；不算；除…外
The price is for accommodation only, exclusive of meals.
此价只包括住宿，饭费除外。
to the exclusion of
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第711页exclusion词条
exclusion (of sb/sth)排斥；排除在外
Memories of the past filled her mind to the exclusion of all else.
她满脑子全是对过去的回忆，其他事情都不想了。
outside
《美国传统英汉双解学习词典》第792页outside词条
outside prep. except除了
We have no information outside the figures already given.
除了已有数字，我们没有别的信息。
outside of
《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》第1550页outside词条
outside of（主美）: except for除了；除…之外
Outside of us three, no one knows anything about the problem, yet.
除了我们3个，别人对这个问题都还毫不知情。
save
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第1833页save词条
save prep. (also save for) (old use or formal) except sth除了；除…外
They knew nothing about her save her name. 除名字外，他们对她一无所知。
《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第1727页save词条9
save（正式）除…外
No visitors are allowed save in the most exceptional cases.
除极特殊的情况外，一律谢绝客人来访。
save for
《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第1727页save词条9
save for除了；除去
The curtained stage was empty save for a few pieces of furniture.
戏幕落下后舞台空荡荡的，只剩下几件家具。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第1847页save词条
save for: not including (sb or sth); except for (sb or sth)除去
The park was deserted save for a few joggers. 公园里空荡荡的，只有几个慢跑者。
saving
《牛津英汉双解大词典·插图版》第899页saving词条
saving prep. except除…之外
all saving that one除了那个之外，全都…
save (that)
《牛津英汉双解大词典·插图版》第899页save词条
save conj. （常后接for）unless; but; except除了…外；只是；除非
is well save that he has a cold除了有点感冒，他一切安好
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第1833页save词条
save: conj. (old use or formal) except除了
They found out nothing more save that she had borne a child.
他们只查到她生过一个孩子，其他情况一无所知。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第1847页save词条
save conj. formal: except
Little is known about his early years save that he left home when he was very young.
关于他早年的事人们知之甚少，只知道他年幼离家。
short of
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第1925页short词条
short of: except for (something)除了
Short of replacing the motor, I have tried everything to fix the car.
除了更换发动机，我已试过所有的办法来修这辆车。
《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》第1927页short词条
short of sth: except for or unless除了…除非…
I don’t see any answer, short of selling the house.
除了买房子之外，我想不出任何解决办法。
otherwise than
《英汉多功能学习词典》第1045页otherwise词条
otherwise than…（通常用于否定句）除了用…方法外（不能）
We can’t get there otherwise than by car. 我们只能开车去那里。
no (never)…other than
《英汉大词典》（第2版 陆谷孙主编）第2099页than词条
no other than（加强语气用）除…外没有，只有
The beaten enemy had no other choice than to surrender. 被打败的敌人只得投降。
《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》第1852页other词条14
other than（用于否定陈述后）除了…以外
She makes no reference to any feminist work other than her own.
除了自己的之外，她没有提及其他女权主义著作。
The journey by road to Wolverhampton is not recommended to anyone other than the most experienced cyclist.
除了经验非常丰富的自行车手外，建议其他人不要走去伍尔弗汉普顿的那条路。
《牛津英汉双解大词典·插图版》1058页than词条2
than（前接other, otherwise, rather）除…（之外）
anyone other than me could have done it除了我任何人都会这样做
a preference for watching rather than participating 宁愿旁观，而不愿参与
has no aim other than to win一心想赢
第二：附加、添加、补充 9个
among others, among other things/places
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第66页among词条5
Among other things she was president of her college class.
此外，她还是大学班级的班长。
She met with the company’s president and vice president, among others.
除了其他人，她还会见了公司总裁和副总裁。
《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第1365页other词条
among other things, among others除了别的以外；其中，包括
Your father is—among other things—a very private person.
你父亲——除了别的特点以外——还是一个很不喜欢交际的人。
Professor Barry, among others, has drawn attention to this problem.
除了别的人，巴里教授也提请人们注意这一问题。
as well as
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第2375页as well as词条
as well (as): in addition to someone or something else也；又；还
You bought a new car? I bought one as well. (= also, too)
你买了辆新车吗？我也买了一辆。
He is loyal, and brave as well. = He is brave as well as loyal.
(= He is brave and also loyal) 他既勇敢又忠诚。
The coach, as well as the team, is ready. 教练和球队都已就位。
She is good at softball as well as basketball. 她擅长垒球，篮球打得也很好。
besides表示“除…之外，还有/另有…”，即已有…还要另外加上…
注意besides在否定句中却与except的含义相同。
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第174页besides词条
besides prep. in addition to sb/sth; apart from sb/sth除…之外（还）
We have lots of things in common besides music. 除了音乐，我们还有很多共通点。
Besides working as a doctor, he also writes novels in his spare time.
除了当医生之外，他在业余时间还写小说。
I’ve got no family besides my parents. 除了父母外，我没有其他亲人。
in addition to
《韦氏高阶美语英汉双解词典》第20页addition词条
in addition: besides; also此外；也
She can sing, and, in addition, she can dance. 她会唱歌，而且还会跳舞。
in addition to: as well as; besides除…之外
In addition to being a singer, she’s a dancer. 她不但会唱歌，而且能跳舞。
on top of
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第2204页top词条
on top of sth/sb: in addition to sth除…之外
He gets commission on top of his salary. 他除了薪金之外还拿佣金。
On top of everything else, my car’s been stolen.
我所有的东西都被盗，连汽车也给偷走了。
《韦氏高阶美语英汉双解词典》第174页besides词条
besides: prep. over and above; in addition to除…之外（还）
Besides his mother he has a sister to support.
除了他的母亲以外，他还有一个妹妹要养活。
over and above
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第1462页over词条
over and above: in addition to sth此外；另外
There are other factors over and above those we have discussed.
除了我们所讨论的之外，还有其他因素。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第1479页over词条
over and above: in addition to (sth); along with (sth) 此外；另外
Over and above the fact that I don’t like cats, I am allergic to them.
我不喜欢猫，除此之外，我还对猫过敏。
We each received a bonus over and above our regular paychecks.
我们除了正常的工资外，每人还得到一笔奖金。
along with
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第59页along词条
along with: in addition to (sth or sb)除…之外；还有
a plane carrying heavy radar equipment along with full fuel tanks
一架载有沉重的雷达设备和慢慢几箱燃料的飞机
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第56页along词条
along with sb/sth:
in addition to sb/sth; in the same way as sb/sth除…以外（还）；与…同样地
She lost her job when the factory closed, along with hundreds of others.
工厂倒闭时，她和成千上万的其他人一样失去了工作。
together with
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第2199页together词条
together with: including包括…在内
Together with the Johnson, there were 12 of us in the villa.
包括约翰逊一家在内，别墅里总共有我们12个人。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第2215页together词条
together with: in addition to (sb or sth)除…之外（还）；连同
Together with myself and my husband, four people will be attending.
除了我和我丈夫外，还将有四人出席。
The comment, together with (=along with) her expression, suggested that she was very upset.
那句评论以及她的表情都表明她十分心烦。
The fingerprint together with the other evidence was enough to prove that he was there.
指纹连同另外一项证据足以证明他当时在现场。
next to （高考英语曾考查过）
《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》第1401页next to词条2
next to: used for showing that you are not including the person or thing that is really the best, biggest, worst etc when you are making a comparison除了；仅次于
Next to John, Jamie is my best friend. 除了约翰，杰米是我最好的朋友。
《现代英语用法词典》（修订版 张道真主编）第978页next to词条2
next to仅次于，除…之外
New York is the largest next to London.
Next to soccer, I like playing tennis best.
Next to his family, baseball was his greatest love.
《韦氏高阶美语英汉双解词典》第1298页next词条
next to: aside from除…外
Next to me, you’re the best. 除我之外，你是最好的。
第三：相当于except + besides 3个
apart from
《美国传统英汉双解学习词典》第46页apart词条
apart from: other than; aside from除…外；撇开
Apart from a little rain, we had fine weather on our vacation.
除了零星小雨，我们度假时天气很好。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第83页apart词条
apart from 1. not including (sth); with the exception of (sth)除…以外
The potatoes were a little salty, but apart from (= except for) that, the food was very good.
土豆有点咸，但除此之外，这些吃的很美味。
apart from 2. other than (sth); besides此外；而且；除了…还
Apart from his work, his only real interest is baseball.
除了工作，他唯一真正的兴趣是棒球。
The work has value in itself, quite apart from the good effects it produces.
除了能产生良好的效果外，这个工作本身也有价值。
I don’t like it. Apart from anything else, it’s too expensive.
我不喜欢它。而且，它还太贵了。
aside from
《美国传统英汉双解学习词典》第59页aside词条
aside from: apart from; except for除…之外
Aside from a miracle, nothing can save her.
除非有奇迹，否则什么也救不了她。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第107页aside词条
aside from 1. not including (sth); with the exception of (sth)除了
Aside from (= apart from, except for) a few pieces of bread, the food is gone.
除了几片面包，什么食物都没了。
The movie has been praised by most people, aside from a few critics who have called its happy ending trite and predictable. 那部电影获得了多数人的赞誉，只有少数几个评论家认为该片的圆满结局有些落入俗套。
aside from 2. in addition to (sth); besides此外（还）
Aside from being well written, the book is also beautifully illustrated.
这本书不仅写得好，还配有精美的插图。
other than
《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》第1473页other词条
other than: in addition to sb or sth除…之外（还）
Are you studying any science subjects other than chemistry?
除了化学以外，你还修别的理科课程吗？
other than: except for sb or sth除了…外
I had no ambitions other than to have a happy life and be free.
除了希望生活幸福、自由自在之外，我没有别的追求。
《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》第1542页other词条
other than（正式）different from or except不同于；除了
Holidays other than those in this brochure do not have free places for children.
介绍手册上规定节假日小孩座位不免费。
The form cannot be signed by anyone other than yourself. （高考考查过本句）
除了你本人，谁也不能在这张表格上签字。
other than（正式）（用于否定句）除了
There’s nothing on TV tonight, other than rubbish. 今晚的电视除了垃圾，再没别的了。
这里也没有包括比如not counting，in/into the bargain类相当于副词的一些结构。
not counting（不把…计算在内、不包括）
《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第425页count词条10
not counting means not including不把…计算在内
…36,600,000 Americans (not counting children less than one year old).
…3660万美国人（不包括一岁以下的儿童）。
《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第五版第551页count词条
count把…计算在内；包括
There are more than two thousand of us, not counting the crew.
我们有两千多人，不包括工作人员在内。
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第462页count词条
We have invited 50 people, not counting the children. 不算小孩，我们邀请了50人。
in/into the bargain（此外、另外、而且）
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典第八版》bargain词条
into the bargain（美in the bargain）（强调额外的信息）另外；而且；也
Volunteers learn a lot and enjoy themselves into the bargain.
志愿者在学到很多东西的同时还能得到很多乐趣。
《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第五版第171页bargain词条
into the bargain（又作in the bargain美）in addition to everything else此外，外加，而且
I am now tired, cold, and hungry, with a headache into the bargain.
我现在又累又冷又饿，而且还头痛。
2017年12月15日（见仁见智，欢迎实例补充）