寻章摘句-双语美文Of study

STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can exe-cute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them bothers; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things.

读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理 细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足，经验 又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明 智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推 敲细思。书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请 人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏、淡而无味矣。

dú shū zú yǐ yí qíng ，zú yǐ bó cǎi ，zú yǐ zhǎng cái 。qí yí qíng yě ，zuì jiàn yú dú chù yōu jū zhī shí ；qí fù cǎi yě ，zuì jiàn yú gāo tán kuò lùn zhī zhōng ；qí zhǎng cái yě ，zuì jiàn yú chù shì pàn shì zhī jì 。liàn dá zhī shì suī néng fèn bié chù lǐ xì shì huò yī yī pàn bié zhī jiē ，rán zòng guān tǒng chóu 、quán jú cè huá ，zé shě hǎo xué shēn sī zhě mò shǔ 。dú shū fèi shí guò duō yì duò ，wén cǎi zǎo shì tài shèng zé jiǎo ，quán píng tiáo wén duàn shì nǎi xué jiū gù tài 。dú shū bǔ tiān rán zhī bú zú ，jīng yàn yòu bǔ dú shū zhī bú zú ，gài tiān shēng cái gàn yóu rú zì rán huā cǎo ，dú shū rán hòu zhī rú hé xiū jiǎn yí jiē ；ér shū zhōng suǒ shì ，rú bú yǐ jīng yàn fàn zhī ，zé yòu dà ér wú dāng 。yǒu yī jì zhī zhǎng zhě bǐ dú shū ，wú zhī zhě xiàn dú shū ，wéi míng zhì zhī shì yòng dú shū ，rán shū bìng bú yǐ yòng chù gào rén ，yòng shū zhī zhì bú zài shū zhōng ，ér zài shū wài ，quán píng guān chá dé zhī 。dú shū shí bú kě cún xīn jié nán zuò zhě ，bú kě jìn xìn shū shàng suǒ yán ，yì bú kě zhī wéi xún zhāng zhāi jù ，ér yīng tuī qiāo xì sī 。shū yǒu kě qiǎn cháng zhě ，yǒu kě tūn shí zhě ，shǎo shù zé xū jǔ jiáo xiāo huà 。huàn yán zhī ，yǒu zhī xū dú qí bù fèn zhě ，yǒu zhī xū dà tǐ shè liè zhě ，shǎo shù zé xū quán dú ，dú shí xū quán shén guàn zhù ，zī zī bú juàn 。shū yì kě qǐng rén dài dú ，qǔ qí suǒ zuò zhāi yào ，dàn zhī xiàn tí cái jiào cì huò jià zhí bú gāo zhě ，fǒu zé shū jīng tí liàn yóu rú shuǐ jīng zhēng liú 、dàn ér wú wèi yǐ 。

Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are cymini sectors. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers' cases. So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt.

读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准 确。因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人 深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。 滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演题须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辨异，可令读经院哲 学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。

dú shū shǐ rén chōng shí ，tǎo lùn shǐ rén jī zhì ，bǐ jì shǐ rén zhǔn què 。yīn cǐ bú cháng zuò bǐ jì zhě xū jì yì tè qiáng ，bú cháng tǎo lùn zhě xū tiān shēng cōng yǐng ，bú cháng dú shū zhě xū qī shì yǒu shù ，shǐ néng wú zhī ér xiǎn yǒu zhī 。dú shǐ shǐ rén míng zhì ，dú shī shǐ rén líng xiù ，shù xué shǐ rén zhōu mì ，kē xué shǐ rén shēn kè ，lún lǐ xué shǐ rén zhuāng zhòng ，luó jí xiū cí zhī xué shǐ rén shàn biàn ：fán yǒu suǒ xué ，jiē chéng xìng gé 。rén zhī cái zhì dàn yǒu zhì ài ，wú bú kě dú shì dāng zhī shū shǐ zhī shùn chàng ，yī rú shēn tǐ bǎi bìng ，jiē kě jiè xiàng yí zhī yùn dòng chú zhī 。 gǔn qiú lì gāo shèn ，shè jiàn lì xiōng fèi ，màn bù lì cháng wèi ，qí shù lì tóu nǎo ，zhū rú cǐ lèi 。rú zhì lì bú jí zhōng ，kě lìng dú shù xué ，gài yǎn tí xū quán shén guàn zhù ，shāo yǒu fèn sàn jí xū zhòng yǎn ；rú bú néng biàn yì ，kě lìng dú jīng yuàn zhé xué ，gài shì bèi jiē chuī máo qiú cī zhī rén ；rú bú shàn qiú tóng ，bú shàn yǐ yī wù chǎn zhèng lìng yī wù ，kě lìng dú lǜ shī zhī àn juàn 。rú cǐ tóu nǎo zhōng fán yǒu quē xiàn ，jiē yǒu tè yào kě yī 。

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